![]() ![]() ![]() It would be of great value in the health care field to develop drugs like NACA as more effective and safer options for the prevention and therapeutic intervention in APAP-induced toxicity.Īcetaminophen GSH-prodrug Glutathione Hepatotoxicity NAPQI Oxidative stress.Ĭopyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Here are some commonly used medication antidotes: Naloxone: This medication is. An antidote is a substance or treatment that counteracts the effects of a poison or medication overdose. Thus, NACA appears to be better than NAC in reducing the oxidative stress induced by APAP. Anticholinergics - Physostigmine salicylate. However, at the dose used, NAC was not effective in combating the oxidative stress induced by APAP. NACA significantly increased GSH levels and the GSH/GSSG ratio in the liver to 66.5% and 60.5% of the control, respectively and it reduced the level of ALT by 30%. Our results showed that NACA is better than NAC at a low dose (106mg/kg) in preventing oxidative stress and protecting against APAP-induced damage. Therefore, we studied the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), a novel antioxidant with higher bioavailability, and compared it with NAC in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. administration of NAC in a hospital setting are laborious and costly. ![]() Unfortunately, fairly high doses and longer treatment times are required due to its poor bioavailability. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor, is the only currently approved antidote for an acetaminophen overdose. Depletion of glutathione (GSH) is one of the initiating steps in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity therefore, one strategy for restricting organ damage is to restore GSH levels by using GSH prodrugs. ![]() It is safe at therapeutic doses, but its overdose can result in severe hepatotoxicity, a leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in the USA. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is one of the most widely used over the counter antipyretic and analgesic medications. ![]()
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